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Father Henry Gravrand (France, 1921 - Abbey of Latrun, Palestine, 11 July 2003〔(Charbel Gravrand )〕) was a French Catholic missionary to Africa and an anthropologist who has written extensively on Serer religion and culture. He was one of the leading pioneers of interfaith dialog and believed that African religion was the "'first covenant between God and man".〔 His works about the Serer people are cited by other historians and scholars writing on Serer history, religion and culture, for instance Martin A. Klein,〔Klein, Martin A., "Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914", Edinburgh University Press (1968), pp x, 12-13, 92, 244, 248, 271〕 Charles Becker,〔Crétois, Léonce; & Becker, Charles; "Le vocabulaire sereer de la faune", (Editor: Charles Becker), Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar (1983), p 24〕 Alioune Sarr, Marguerite Dupire,〔Dupire, Marguerite, "Sagesse sereer : essais sur la pensée sereer ndut", Karthala, Paris, 1994, pp 7, 91, 111, 118-119, 142, 153, ISBN 2-86537-487-4〕 Issa Laye Thiaw,〔Thiaw, Issa Laye, "La femme Seereer", Sénégal, 2005, Sociétés africaines et diaspora, Edition L'harmattan, pp 40, 125-6, 260, ISBN 2-7475-8907-2〕 etc. Papa Massène Sene argues that his approach lacks scientific rigor and include fundamental linguistic and historical errors.〔Papa Massène SENE, ("À la découverte de la civilisation Sereer avec le R.P. Henry Gravrand" ), ''Ethiopiques'', no. 39, 4th quarter, 1984〕 Alioune Sarr noted that Gravrand reported an oral tradition describing what he called the "Battle of Troubang", a dynastic war between the two maternal royal houses of Ñaanco and the Guelowar,an off-shot and relatives of the ''Ñaanco'' (''Nyanthio'' or ''Nyanco'') maternal dynasty of Kaabu, in modern day Guinea Bissau.〔Innes, Gordon, Suso, Bamba, Kanute, Banna , Kanute, Dembo, ''""Sunjata: three Mandinka versions"'', p128, Psychology Press, 1974. ISBN 0-7286-0003-X〕〔Fage, J. D., Oliver, Roland Anthony, ''"The Cambridge history of Africa"'', p282, Cambridge University Press, 1975. ISBN 0-521-20413-5〕 According to Charles Becker, Gravrand is confusing a description of the 1867 (or 1865) Battle of Kansala.〔Sarr, Alioune, ''Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal)'' Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. 1986-87, p 19〕 ==Biography== First missionary of the Congregation of Holy Spirit, Gravrand arrived in Senegal on 28 December 1948〔 Joseph Roger de Benoist, ''Histoire de l'Église catholique au Sénégal du milieu du XVe siècle à l'aube du troisième millénaire'', Karthala, Paris, 2008, pp 384-385〕 and lived there for 40 years in the Sine area (the western part of the country). In Sine, he founded a mission and oversaw the evangelization of some of the Serer community, but also studied the history, religion and culture of the Serer people and became one of the leading scholars of Serer religion and culture.〔Henry Gravrand. La Civilisation Sereer - Pangool. Published by Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal. 1990. ISBN 2-7236-1055-1〕〔 Martin A. Klein. Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847-1914, Edinburgh At the University Press (1968). p x〕 In 1955, Gravrand created the Union of farmers of Sine, affiliated to the French Confederation of Christian Workers (CFTC), which gave the farmers training enabling them to defend their own interests.〔J.-R. de Benoist, ''op. cit.'', p. 404〕 Gravrand was a specialist on Traditional African religion, in particular the Serer religion,〔J.-R. de Benoist, ''op. cit.'', p. 407〕 and in 1962 published a paper titled ''"Visage africain de l'Église : une expérience au Sénégal"''. In 1964, Gravrand was one of the founder-members of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue.〔 In October 1970, Gravrand was appointed parish priest of M'Bour and Dean of the Petite Côte.〔J.-R. de Benoist, ''op. cit.'', p. 447〕 The year 1987 marked the Silver Jubilee of the episcopate of the Archbishop of Dakar (its 25th anniversary). That same year, the apostolate of father Gravrand in Senegal came to an end. After the death Joseph Faye (a Trappist), who was the first apostolic prefect of Ziguinchor, Gravrand in turn took to the habit of a Cistercian monk at the Aiguebelle Abbey on 23 December 1987, under the name of Blessed Charbel (Saint Charbel - a 19th century Lebanese Maronite monk).〔J.-R. de Benoist, ''op. cit.'', p. 434〕 Gravrand took his solemn vows in 1990 and was sent to the Monastery of the Holy Saviour in Lebanon.〔 Gravrand died on 11 July 2003 at the Abbey of Latrun. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Henry Gravrand」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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